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TIME: Almanac 1990
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1990 Time Magazine Compact Almanac, The (1991)(Time).iso
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unations.1
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Origin, Purposes and Principles:
The name "United Nations" was devised by President Franklin D.
Roosevelt and was first used in the "Declaration by United Nations"
of 1 January 1942, during the Second World War, when representation
of 26 nations pledged their Governments to continue fighting
together against the Axis Powers.
The United Nations Charter was drawn up by the representatives
of 50 countries at the United Nations Conference on International
Organization, which met at San Francisco from 25 April to 26 June
1945. Those delegates deliberated on the basis of proposals worked
out by the representatives of China, the Soviet Union, the United
Kingdom and the United States at Dumbarton Oaks in August-October
1944. The Charter was signed on 26 June 1945, by the
representatives of the 50 countries; Poland, not represented at the
Conference, signed it later and became one of the original 51
Member States.
The United Nations officially came into existence on 24 October
1945, when the Charter has been ratified by China, France, the
Soviet Union, the United Kingdom and the United States and by a
majority of other signatories; 24 October is celebrated each year
as United Nations Day.
Preamble to the Charter:
The Preamble to the Charter expresses the ideals and common
aims of all the peoples whose Governments joined together to form
the United Nations:
WE THE PEOPLES OF THE UNITED NATIONS
DETERMINED
to save succeeding generations from the scourge of war, which
twice in our lifetime has brought untold sorrow to mankind, and
to reaffirm faith in fundamental human rights, in the dignity
and worth of the human person, in the equal rights of men and women
and of nations large and small, and
to establish conditions under which justice and respect for the
obligations arising from treaties and other sources of
international law can be maintained, and
to promote social progress and better standards of life in
larger freedom,
AND FOR THESE ENDS
to practice tolerance and live together in peace with one
another as good neighbours, and
to unite in strength to maintain international peace and
security, and
to ensure, by the acceptance of principles and the institution
of methods, that armed force shall not be used, save the common
interest, and
to employ international machinery for the promotion of the
economic and social advancement of all peoples,
HAVE RESOLVED TO COMBINE OUR EFFORTS TO ACCOMPLISH THESE AIMS
Accordingly, our respective Governments, through
representatives assembled in the city of San Francisco, who have
exhibited their full powers found to be in good and due form, have
agreed to the present Charter of the United Nations and do hereby
establish an international organization to be known as the United
Nations.
Purposes and Principles:
The purposes of the United Nations, as set forth in the
Charter, are:
-- to maintain international peace and security;
-- to develop friendly relations among nations;
-- to co-operate internationally in solving international
economic, social, cultural and humanitarian problems and in
promoting respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms;
-- to be a centre for harmonizing the actions of nations in
attaining these common ends.
The United Nations acts in accordance with the following
principles:
-- It is based on the sovereign equality of all its Members.
-- All Members are to fulfill in good faith their Charter
obligations.
-- They are to settle their international disputes by peaceful
means and without endangering peace, security and justice.
-- They are to refrain in their international relations from
the threat or use of force against any other State.
-- They are to give the United Nations every assistance in any
action it takes in accordance with the Charter, and shall not
assist States against which the United Nations is taking
preventative or enforcement action.
-- The United Nations shall ensure that States which are not
Members act in accordance with these principles in so far as it is
necessary for the maintenance of international peace and security.
-- Nothing in the Charter is to authorize the United Nations
to intervene in matters which are essentially within the domestic
jurisdiction of any State.
Source: "Basic Facts About the United Nations," Department of
Public Information, United Nations, New York, N.Y., 1987.